Choose from Instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choose from Instruction - Essay Example From the article we are informed of two possible reasons for McDonald’s success in India: its partnership with two domestic firms and the adaptation of its restaurants to Indian local palates (Bellman, 2009). Analysis of the situation With the continued globalization of world markets, firms are ever more dependent on new products to generate revenues and market share. To maintain their momentum and relative position firms must enter a broader and more diverse set of markets (Yeniturt & Townsend, 2003). This could be one of the reasons why McDonalds had to get into the Indian market. Some scholars argue that globalization has progressively created a more homogenized world market due to better interconnectedness among the world’s nations (Yeniturt & Townsend, 2003). This implies that an increasing number of consumers from diverse geographic locations and cultural backgrounds are beginning to show similar preferences. These scholars state that this trend is evidenced by the emergence of global brands. However, Suh and Kwon (2002) differ with that school of thought. They argue that even after tremendous exposure to globalization, consumers from different cultures have different attitudes, perceptions, tastes, preferences and values, and remain reluctant to purchase foreign products. A good example is found in Europe where even with an economic union and a progression toward the standardization of the political and social infrastructure, national cultural values have remained stable over time. Cultural norms and beliefs therefore remain an important aspect of global marketing. According to Yeniturt and Townsend (2003) culture remains an elusive, multi-faceted dimension that is difficult to harness and understand completely. They argue since consumers’ attitudes and behaviors are significantly influenced by the cultural context of the market it is expected for there to be a strong effect of national culture in the adoption of new produc ts in a country. The downside to this whole globalization trend is what is referred to as cultural imperialism. Kiely and Marfleet (1998) describe cultural imperialism as the process by which the developed world consciously disseminate their values and norms as being superior to those of the less developed countries (LDCs). Through the use of mass media advertising and the Internet, Western multinational corporations portray the Western lifestyle as something for the LDCs to aspire to. How McDonalds achieved its success McDonalds planned for two major phases for its launch with an understanding of the socio-economic status of the Indian people. The first phase involved opening branches in Indian cities of relatively high income. In these metropolitan cities, McDonalds banked on the residents’ exposure to Western food and culture. These residents were to lead the second phase by sharing the McDonalds experience to satellite towns, where the firm would open new stores. McDona ld also made menus that would attract the locals’ palates. There was no beef or pork or animal fat used to fry the food chains recipes. That is not to say that McDonald’s did not replicate its Western cultures in India. The company continued to offer fast, friendly service at value-prices. Conclusion Even though economic development continues to lead to a convergence in global markets, and as the influence of mass media creates a global consumer culture we are yet to reach the point where culture,

On the Internet tax and whether Arizona should or should not repeal Essay

On the Internet tax and whether Arizona should or should not repeal its law taxing online sales - Essay Example On the contrary, if not well considered they can act as barriers on investors whose markets exist online. The U.S constitution has two provisions from Supreme Court jurisprudence that define the enacting of nexus, which include Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Commercial clause. The court requires that a particular state cannot impose duties levying responsibilities on a seller who is not physically present in the state, under the Dormant Commerce law. This law is subject to amendments by the congress as the congressional regulation has influence on most tax-related policies. Congress may therefore allow different regulations to govern commerce between states. The law of physical presence of the seller and buyer still holds until when the congress may change the contents of the law. Another tax that is levied together with the sales tax is the use tax., During the sale of services and commodities in the same state, sales tax is imposed, while the residents incur a use tax if they purchase goods or services outside the state boundaries. Use tax play an important role in ensuring that the citizens of a particular state purchase goods within the boundaries and evade the sales tax. However, constitutionally enough bond or â€Å"nexus† must be put in place between businesses and state on the onset of a state imposing tax burden on a business that operates beyond its boundaries. Remarkably, there exist discriminatory taxes like the Commercial Clause that bars states that do not allow commerce between states. As a result, states that impose taxes on the remote out-of-state sellers and not on the sellers from within its boundaries are disciplined by a judicial scrutiny. The subject state is exempted only when the tax burden is excessive as compared to the local benefits. Supreme Court under the Due Process Clause offered a distinction between the nexus analysis and the dormant clause for congress. The

Computer Technology Essay Example for Free

Computer Technology Essay Charles Njogu, the name does not ring a bell does it? That is my name. Why should my name matter to you? It should matter because I am one of the biggest success stories to come out of my native country, Kenya. I come from a third world country and nothing I have ever achieved or have in life came on a silver platter. I worked hard to reach my status in my life now and I am working even harder to make sure that I do not waste any of the opportunities lady luck has thrown my way. Completing my education has always been my personal battle. There were some real times in the past when I thought that I would do better to throw in the towel and just give up. But I have a dream, a dream to help my countrymen realize a better life and for the future generation of Kenyans to have a better chance in life than my generation did. This is why I strive to reach even greater heights in my educational accomplishments. I want to be the example every Kenyan will look up to and realize that there is a brighter future ahead of them. All they have to do is keep moving towards the goal. No matter how impossible it seems. Though life was rough for me back home, I never let anyone derail me from achieving my goals. That character trait of mine was built up over the years of failure and hindrances that I had to overcome. Looking back on my educational achievements in Kenya, I amaze myself because I never believe I could all that and much more. I have always had a fascination with Computer Technology. This is why my earliest educational achievements were in this field. The Computer Training Center in Nairobi awarded me an ACP certificate in Computer programming back in 1993. This was quickly followed by an ACP Advance Diploma in Computer Studies as well as another ACP Diploma in Systems Analysis and Design. My interest in computers helped me understand that Management plays an important role in the way any office works. All the best computers and databases in the world will be rendered useless if efficient office management is not firmly established by the office right from the start. So I toyed with the idea of taking some management courses. After all, it has always been a personal dream of mine to own my own business someday and, hopefully, be able to teach my fellow Kenyans all about business management in order to help their business skills. Three years later, in 1996, graduated with a National Diploma in Business Management with an Advanced Certificate in Business Administration from the Kenya Institute of Management. For most people, that would be enough of an achievement to make them feel accomplished in life, but not me. I knew there was more to learn and that Kenya based educational institutions had probably taught me all that I they had to offer me. So I set my sights higher. This time, I was eyeing further advanced education in the United States of America. It was with great pride and joy that I was accepted into Brandeis University in Massachusetts. I attended the school as a masteral student of International Finance and Economics. My major was in International Finance and International Economics. I completed these studies back in 2003. Now, in 2007, am expecting to complete my Master of Science degree in Management and Systems with a major in Leadership and knowledge from New York University. You might ask yourself, with all these accomplishments, why would I still want to complete a Ph. D. in Management at Rutger University? The answer is really part of a very logical process of educating myself that is deeply rooted in my sense of self-accomplishment. I want to be a results oriented businessman with vast experience in business administration, financial management, information technology, knowledge and organizational management. I believe that in order to properly manage a business, I must be highly skilled in strategic planning, implementation and information systems auditing as well as knowing how to properly increase productivity while keeping a streamlined business operational. It is my intention to complete my Masteral Degree in Management because in the future, I wish to see a challenging career as a Business Systems Analyst, project manager, as well as a network engineer / person. These positions will require me to fully utilize all my extensive skills, analytical and leadership abilities in order to realize my potential for future growth. Why should Rutger University even bother to consider me for a student slot in the system? The answer to this lies in my soon to be published thesis entitled Managing Knowledge Capital: How Organizations Measure Knowledge Capital and How the Make It Grow. It was recently reviewed with much praise by Lydia Rich and should be published in the short-term future. In this thesis, I am reminding everyone that computers do not do the managing of businesses although they are an integral part of the management system. I proposed that what really keeps the business running is a thoroughly new, yet proven to be accurate method of determining the value of businesses today through proper management ideas. Lastly, I am sure you will want to know why I want to attend Rutger University. The answer, simply put is that I believe that your university will provide me with fertile ground where in I can learn even higher levels of academic theory and practice based on one of the most admirable Ph. D. curriculums this nation has to offer.

As I Walked Out One Evening Essay -- Literary Analysis, W.H. Auden

W.H. Auden’s poem â€Å"As I Walked Out One Evening† belongs to the long tradition of poems chronicling the struggle between love and time. Like others, Auden’s lover uses images of â€Å"The Flower† (l. 19) and grandiose claims of love â€Å"Till China and Africa meet† (l. 10) to impress or coax the unseen lover to comply with his wishes. However, Auden deviates from this tradition in other ways. For example, these other works are mainly seduction poems. In Andrew Marvell’s â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, time is (by association) a third party to a seduction, invoked to create fear and put pressure on the seducà ©e by reminding her of her mortality- as well as the seducer’s own vulnerability, and thus goad her towards his own ends. â€Å"As I Walked Out One Evening† is a narrative poem, and essentially a dialogue between a lover speaking to the unseen love and time responding to counter his claims. Auden argues that people are unaware of the world they live in and do not truly understand what it means to love and live by usage of apocalyptic images and a running motive of both time and water. â€Å"As I Walked Out One Evening† was written in 1937, a time of turmoil throughout the world and especially in Europe: the world was in hiatus between â€Å"the war to end all wars† and the second â€Å"war to end all wars† and Hitler was at this time gradually rising in power. Auden was very aware of the political climate, and this is reflected in his diction in the latter part of the poem. The fact that there are three distinct parts to this poem, the lover’s speech and the two halves of time’s speech, is indicative of the contemporary political clime: because the first World War was so horrifying many people could not believe and did not want to believe that it could happen aga... ... the poem: the observer who is a part of the scene and yet apart from it, who has a more distant perspective. In the first stanza, the exposition or setting, Auden uses the metaphor of â€Å"The crowds upon the pavement/Were fields of harvest wheat† (ll. 3-4) as observed by the narrator to first foreshadow the immediacy of time. â€Å"Harvest wheat† is both something living and something that is about to scythed and gathered en masse. The observer already has the knowledge that comes so painfully in stanza 14 for the lover, and in the end not only has â€Å"the deep river ran on† (l. 60) but so has the narrator. They are still here, â€Å"late in the evening† (l. 57) to observe the river of life that is still running, even after â€Å"the clocks had ceased their chiming† (l. 59) and â€Å"the lovers they were gone† (l. 58), symbolizing that life will endure the ravages of both death and time.

Criminal and constant Essay

What impression do we form of childhood in â€Å"I Remember, I Remember† and â€Å"Growing Up†? What similarities/differences do we recognise in the poets’ approach? In the poem â€Å"Growing Up†, by U. A. Fanthorpe, the main theme of childhood is trivialised by the poet in the first stanza. â€Å"Shoplifting daintily into my pram† implies gracefulness and therefore is a humorous. However, at the same time, it is light-hearted and trivialises the age of being a baby. The poet mocks the years when you are a baby, too, describing her action of â€Å"burrowing my way through the long yawn of infancy†. This suggests that she is hiding from the years of infancy. At the same time, it mocks infancy as the â€Å"long yawn† refers to the fact that babies tend to sleep a lot when they are very young. Fanthorpe’s choice of words shows her dislike for childhood. â€Å"Nudging† implies that childhood was urging her insistently and annoyingly to grow up, and she did not want to go through childhood. â€Å"Nudging† implies persistence, which can be perceived to be annoying. Moreover, she relates sordid and negative experiences with growing up. â€Å"Hairy, fleshy growths and monthly outbursts† and â€Å"blood-thighed† are examples of this. This emphasises her dislike for childhood. The poet shows that childhood is mechanical by describing the people who fit into society as â€Å"well-oiled bolts†. This is not a warm description of childhood, showing it to be a horrible part of life. The poet in this poem brings out the idea of childhood being inevitable. â€Å"I tried to annul the future, pretended I knew it already† implies her trying to ignore the future, but constantly getting evidence of her growing up into a woman. This shows that you can’t fight childhood, it will happen whether you like it, or not. The poem suggests that there is something sinister about childhood. Sinister vocabulary is used throughout it, like, â€Å"masking†, â€Å"sabotaging†, â€Å"criminal† and constant negative statements like, â€Å"Not a nice girl. No. † These quotations help to emphasise the negative tone of the poet’s view to childhood. Now I shall move on to analysing â€Å"I Remember, I Remember† by Philip Larkin. Initially, Larkin expresses his journey happened â€Å"in the cold new year†. This suggests that childhood is like a new beginning, but he is not hearty and warm towards it; he appears to be cold towards childhood. Next, Larkin expresses his negative feelings about childhood. â€Å"I wasn’t even clear which side was which† is rather casual, and the tone appears to suggest that he does not really care seriously about childhood. Simultaneously, he degrades childhood to little value when Larkin states, â€Å"No, only where my childhood was unspent, I wanted to retort, just where I started. † By this he means that his childhood was wasted and therefore, it was of little value for him. It was only the foundations of what he would experience in later life. He seems ashamed and embarrassed about his childhood when the poet writes, â€Å"staring at my boots†. At the same time, this implies boredom, too. It is in a complete contrast to the question that his friend asks in the next line, â€Å"Was that where you ‘have your roots? ‘† because roots implies stability, solidity and a positive anchorage symbol. It is a positive question, full of optimism, in contrast to the friend’s view on Coventry and his childhood. The enjambment and illogical order of his recollections of his childhood memories suggest a feeling of spontaneity, which may reflect the author’s view on growing up.

All about russia

Every society in the world with its embolic powers of coexistence with the nature’s upheavals and society’s turbulence is always on the move towards growth and development for assuring the maintenance for the generation next. This typical feature of the Society is its Character by which it is recognized. This Character is further determined by the interaction of traditional culture, its Land and its social and political tendencies, which since centuries are digging deeper roots in the consciousness of the citizens and their intellectual attitude towards life and society.In 989 when St. Vladimir accepted Christianity, Russia took its first step forward to take over the heritage of Constantinopole. Again in 1453, when New Rome of Constantinopole had fallen to Turks, Moscow emerged as a â€Å"Third Rome† and the Soviet Union after taking its own course became a new synthesis of the dialectic of history and its Duke became the â€Å"Tsar of All the Russians†. The history of Russia begins with the East Slavs, an ethnic group, which was eventually split into Russia, Ukrainian and Belarusians.This group emerged from the Vikings who were the barbarian tribes and illiterate pagans indulged in the activity of raping and pillaging, but they were technologically quite advanced and had stable organizational set up. These Vikings entered the Black sea through the Russian river systems known as â€Å"Varangians† (from their name in Slavic, now Varyag in Russian), but when they settled in the area, they came to be known as Rus. Primary Chronicle even says that, â€Å"These particular Varangians were known as Russes. † (Ross, Successors of Rome: Russia, 862-Present, Grand Princes of Kiev, Para.1). Kievan Rus was the first East Salvic state that was converted to Christianity in 988(Online, Russian Church Architecture) and they brought with it the Cyrillic alphabet, which got authenticity by the Soviet Union along with the other unrelated languages like the Turkish of Central Asia. Poland and the Baltic States brought Latin alphabet characteristic of Francia and the Jews of Poland wrote Yiddish in the Hebrew alphabet. And with the passing time, the small nations of the Caucasus like the Armenians and Georgians started using their own alphabets.(Ross, Successors of Rome: Russia, 862-Present, Introduction, Para. 2) After the 13th century, Moscow became the vast cultural centre and by 18th century, the Grand Duchy of Moscow formed the huge Russian Empire, stretching from Poland towards the Pacific Ocean. By 19th century, development in the Western Countries created an incredible influence on the Russia, which led Russian regime to make the way for reforms for the overall growth and development. As a result, Russian serfdom was abolished in 1861 but it proved to be fruitless for the peasants that led to the building of revolutionary pressures.With the abolishment of Serfdom and the beginning of World War I in 1914, Russ ia saw numerous changes in the economy and politics. The most prominent reform was the reform of Stolypin agrarian reforms, which transferred the archaic obshchina form of Russian agriculture towards more progressive and capitalist oriented form of agriculture, giving private ownership rights to the farmers, second was the First constitution of 1906 which was also known as fundamental laws and was enacted on April 23rd, thirdly there was the establishment of State Duma.A State duma constituted one of the several representative assemblies of modern Russia. These reforms brought about numerous changes in economy and even in the politics of Russia, but still the autocratic rule of the Tsars did not vanish completely and the result was the Russian Revolution in 1917. There were two revolutions in Russia: First Revolution was the overthrowing of the Tsar and formation of the Provisional Government and the other was the October revolution in which Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Gove rnment.The life in Russia during Revolution saw the immense change and uncertainty. On one hand cities and industries were mushrooming whereas on the other hand there was great level of uncertainties. Rural population began to migrate more and more towards the Industrially centered areas, middle class of white-collar employees, businessmen, and professionals like doctors, lawyers, teachers, journalists, engineers, etc. were on the rise. Nobles too were undergoing through different stages, finding ways to adjust themselves in this changing economy.Two types of classes emerged- proletarians and capitalists, who were divided along the lines of status, gender, age, ethnicity, and belief. There was emergence of different groups- migrating peasants, worker intellectuals, gentry professionals etc. which changed the whole texture of the life of people inculcating themselves into the world of materialism. This rapid industrialization led to the over crowding of the urban areas and poor condi tions for urban industrial workers.A new proletariat was formed between 1890 and 1910 due to the increase in the population of the St Petersburg and Moscow from 1,033,600 to 1,905,600. Thus there was unrest everywhere which was the ground enough for the Russian revolution to fuel. The Russian revolution brought the coalition of liberals and moderate socialists to power on the one hand and then Communist Bolsheviks on the other. Between 1922 and 1991, there was the beginning of the new era in the history of Russia when Soviet Union came into existence, a union that held the roots of ideological thoughts and perceptions.The beginning of the post-Stalinist in 1919’s saw the growth of media and intervention of TV and radio programs in its vicinity, which led to the real awakening among the Russians in all the social, political and economic spheres. Stalinism with this Marxism and Leninism approach replaced the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the year 1920 with Five Year Plans of 192 8 and collective farming, which by the end of 1930 led the Soviet Union to be emerged as the major Industrial power in the world, but this had adverse effect on the peasants due to the collective policy and the repressive measures of the Government.The repressions and political, social and economical upheavels led to the â€Å"era of stagnation† in the 1980s. But by the late 1980s, the weaknesses in the economic and political structures led the Communist leaders to embark upon the major reforms, resulting in the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of the Russian Federation. By the mid of 1990 when Yeltsin came to power he adopted most unpopular Yegor Gaidar’s shock therapy for putting an end to the price controls, cutting in state spending, and starting of the open foreign trade regime in early 1992.These reforms were the blow to the living standards of most of its citizens, especially for the groups who were enjoying the benefits of Soviet-era state-control led wages and prices, state subsidies, and welfare entitlement programs and consequently Russia suffered an economic downturn much more severe than the United States or Germany had undergone six decades earlier during the Great Depression. On the other hand these economic reforms opened the doors of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, for the largest and fastest privatization in the world.The big enterprises were acquired by the old managers, leading to criminal mafias and Western investors, and at the bottom level there was inflation, unemployment, prostitution, and crime. Tax revenues had collapsed and Russia's economy was further plunged into the Financial crises in 1998. Russian Economy again recovered in 1999, due to the increase in the world price of oil and gas. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia, Russian Federation, para. 5) By 2000, Yeltsin gave his resignation, and gave the reigns of the government to the Prime Minister, Vladimir Putin.The whole of the character of th e Russian Industry was dependent on the combined efforts from the various spheres of economy. Russia did not rely on the European powers but leaped towards the development on its own efforts, the separate branches made tremendous progress, which rose with extraordinary speed especially between the first revolution and the war and made the Russian historians say, â€Å"We must abandon the legend of backwardness and slow growth. † When the war was at its peak the tzarist Russia had prospered to considerable degree; as for every one hundred square kilometres of land, Russia had, at the time of war, 0.4 kilometers of railroads, Germany 11. 7, Austria-Hungary 7. (Trotsky, Peculiarities of Russia’s Development, Para. 17). The Financial Institutions had also developed in Russia to implement the growth of Industrial Revolution but the heavy industries such as metal, coal and oil were all under the control of foreign finance capital, which had created auxiliary and intermediate system of banks in Russia, and it was true for light industries also. The other nations were holding 40 per cent of the stock capital of Russia, but in the leading branches of industry this percentage was much higher.The Russian industry even influenced the social character of the Russian bourgeoisie and its political physiognomy and the concentration of the industries meant that there was no hierarchy of transitional layers between the capitalist leaders and the popular masses, but the ownership of the foreign hands led to un-stability. All these factors along with the concentrated oppressions of tzarism led the Russian workers towards the revolutionary thoughts. Russia at the onslaught of the twentieth century had a population of about 150 million, out of whom more than 3 million were in Petrograd and Moscow, from which emerged social differences.From the artisans and independent peasants of the army of Cromwell and through the sansculottes of Paris – to the industrial pro letarians of St. Petersburg, the revolution deeply changed its social mechanism methods, and its aims. (Trotsky, Peculiarities of Russia’s Development, Para. 24). Thus this Russian Revolution made the tzarism to fall and the bourgeoisie became economically more powerful. In the beginning, the Russian revolution was called as the democratic revolution but caused the problem of political democracy.Once Vladimir Lenin says, â€Å"If you have no opportunity to implement the proclaimed slogans, revoke them! And in fact the Bolsheviks lacked the skill to do that† (Birshtein, Russian Character In The Aspect Of Reflexive Comprehension, Para. 27) Russia’s character now lies in its perusal of regional policies for nationalistic, strategic and for the development of economic resources, but there never emerged the need for reducing regional and income disparities in the standard of living of the people.Even Lenin said once, â€Å"Russian Empire was a â€Å"prison-house of nations† but so was the Soviet Union and so is the Russian Federation of today†. (Watkins, Economy of Russia, para. 1) Russia by now is not just a geographical space but its citizens by inheriting their ancient traditions have cultivated new behavioral and spiritual moulds. The number of Billionaires has grown up-to 53, which makes Russia in the third place of Forbis list with billionaires of the world. Russia is also the second biggest Oil manufacturer after Saudi Arabia. The estimated growth rate of Russia is 6.6% in 2006 and now above 6%. Its foreign debt is totaled 8% of the GNP but it is also true that majority of the Russian population is crushing under the poverty line, there is hindrance in the expression of civil liberties, centralization of power and decline of all societal values. (Stanfel, Social Unrest In The Land Of Billionaires, Para. 6) On one hand there is an upsurge of Billionaires whereas on the other hand for common citizens, life in Russia is a stru ggle. Even though there is a considerable reduction of the inflation rate it is still on the higher rate, which goes up-to nine percent a year.The average salary of the citizen amounts to half the average salary in Croatia. Russian peasants are below the poverty line whereas Billionaires are using expensive yachts to cross the rivers because of the slow traffic on the roads. (Stanfel, Social Unrest In The Land Of Billionaires, Para. 8. ) Looking at the social life in the 20th century, and with the advent of the new technology in Media and cultural affairs it was analyzed by the Intellectuals that the role of Media could exert a negative impact on the social ideologies and evolution of human beings in capitalist and socialist countries.The advocates of the socialist ideologies consider that the penetration of western social ideas and artistic values into the minds of Soviet people can lead the Soviet youth towards the violence and pornography of bourgeois pop-art which has started sp reading like wild fire and is taking the rich culture of Russia in its vicinity. As expressed by Ashin: â€Å"one who approaches the analysis of `mass culture' predominantly from the assumption about its content and social functions is compelled to deny it in the conditions of socialism†.(Yerofeyev, Youth and The System of Cultural Reproduction: Rethinking the Critique of Mass Culture in the Soviet Union†, Para. 6) Thus, in the past ten years, the life of Russia has considerably changed in all the economic, political and cultural spheres. The contemporary younger generation Russians are growing up in a pluralistic, westernized society and does not recognize themselves with the totalitarian government and are following the free market rules in all their business activities.The biggest group of Russians participated in the democratization and glasnost movement. The oldest group are finding themselves outplace and with communism enshrined in their blood, they are more cons ervatives and are finding very difficult to adjust to the fast pace Russia. The changes in the business arena also are going on at a rapid pace but there is no clear-cut rule. Younger generation is not allowing the rule of central planning and bureaucratic structure to enter in economic field and on the other hand the older generations are against capitalist way of thinking.Though it is a Patriarchy society, women are making their mark felt in the economic development in the large numbers though they have to involve themselves in the domestic chores. They can work, own property and sign contracts. The soul of Russia is hospitality of its people. Their openness and friendliness with which they welcome the strangers cannot be forgotten in the generations ahead. (Olga Ivanova-Nuss and Katrin Franz, People and Life in Contemporary Russia, Para. 8-10).Thus the character of Russia as said by classical philosophical thinker Nikolai Berdyaev (1874-1948), who was persecuted in Soviet Russia and was emigrated in 1922 to Berlin and then to Paris said that the spiritual structure of the Russian people is their attribute towards the Westernization, basically Russia is the Christian East. â€Å"This contradiction-filled nature of the Russian soul was determined by the complexity of the Russian historical destiny, collision and antagonism of the Eastern and Western elements in it†¦.Among the Russian â€Å"the nature† is a spontaneous force stronger than among the Western people†. (Birshtein, Russian Character In the Aspect of Reflexive comprehension, Para. 20) WORKS CITED 1. Birshtein I. B â€Å"Russian Character In The Aspect Of Reflexive Comprehension† Internet (2003) Available: http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:P-QWqYb3dXMJ:www. reflexion. ru/Library/EBirshtein2003. doc+development+of+Russian+character+through+ages&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=9&gl=in&ie=UTF-8, April 26, 2007 2. Ivanova-Nuss Olga & Franz katrin, â€Å"People and Life in Contemporary R ussia,† Internet Available:http://216. 239. 59. 104/search? q=cache:lTkoqb_4BF8J:www. culturalawareness. com/Newsletter-2002-04. pdf+Social+life+of+Russia&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4&gl=in, April 26, 2007 3. Kaboub Fadhel â€Å"A Rising Tide Cannot Lift All Boats† Internet (February 2001) Available: http://f. students. umkc. edu/fkfc8/RisingTide. html, April 26, 2007 4. Reuters, Javno. com â€Å"Russia-Berezovsky: Tycoon Stands by Threat to Topple Putin† Internet Available: http://www. javno. com/en/world/clanak. php? id=35911, April 26, 2007 5. Ross L. Kelley, â€Å"Successors of Rome: Russia, 862-Present† Internet (1999) Available:http://www. friesian. com/russia. htm, April 26, 2007 6. Stanfel Nikolina, â€Å"A New Revolution? † Internet (March 11, 2007) Available: http://www. javno. com/en/world/clanak. php? id=25573, April 26, 2007 7. Trotsky Leon, â€Å"Peculiarities of Russia’s Development† Volume One: The Overthrow of Tzarism, The Histo ry of the Russian Revolution ONLINE VERSION: Translated by Max Eastman, 1932, Transcribed for the W. W. W by John Gowland (Australia), Alphanos Pangas (Greece) and David Walters (United States) 1997 through 2000 Internet (Updated:15. 4. 2007) Available: http://www. marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1930/hrr/ch01. htm, April 26, 2007 8. Watkins Thayer, â€Å"The Economic History and Economy of Russia† Internet. Available: http://www. sjsu. edu/faculty/watkins/russia. htm, April 26, 2007 9. Wikipedia Encyclopedia, â€Å"History of Russia† Internet (Last Updated: 24 April 2007) Available: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Russia, April 26, 2007 10. Yerofeyev Sergey, â€Å"Youth and The System of Cultural Reproduction: Rethinking the Critique of Mass Culture in the Soviet Union† Internet Available: http://lucy. ukc. ac. uk/csacpub/russian/yerofeyev. html

Illegal Music Downloading Essays

Illegal Music Downloading Essays Illegal Music Downloading Essay Illegal Music Downloading Essay Anastasia 1 Professor Edgar Dana ENC1101 4 September 2012 Effects of Illegal Downloading on the Music Industry Are you willing to face a money-draining lawsuit by the simple click of a mouse? One of the biggest issues today regarding the relation between record companies and all of their eager listeners is illegally downloading music from the Internet. Most people look past the many reasons one shouldn’t download their favorite tracks for free only because now days it’s made easy. However, they should be aware of the consequences that could come from something so simple. We should understand that taking the music for free, we are committing a crime and harming the music industry and limiting the future artists and their creativity. No matter what, when it comes down to it, downloading music without paying is stealing Stealing artists’ hard work is not only unethical but also immoral. We are not only stealing profit from artists but also the record companies that have hundreds of people making a living from these albums. Just like you and me, these employees deserve payments for their hard work and long hours. The artists spend the majority of their time writing and perfecting their songs just for consumers to steal it in a matter of 15 seconds easy. According to the RIAA (Record Industry Association of America) website, in the decade since peer-to-peer (p2p) file-sharing site Napster emerged in 1999; music sales in the U. S. have dropped 47 percent, from $14. 6 billion to $7. 7 billion. From 2004 through 2009 alone, approximately 30billion songs were illegally downloaded on file-sharing networks. Stats show, global music piracy causes $12. 5 billion of economic losses every year, 71,060 U. S. jobs lost, a loss of $2. 7 billion in workers earnings, and a loss of $422 million in tax revenues, $291 million in personal income tax and $131 million in lost corporate income and production taxes. Can you imagine this coming from your own pocket? According to the RIAA, copyright law protects the value of creative work. When you make unauthorized copies of someone’s creative work, you are taking something of value from the owner without his or her permission. Most likely, you’ve seen the FBI warning about unauthorized copying at the beginning of a movie DVD. Though you may not find these messages on all compact discs or music you’ve downloaded from the Internet, the same laws apply. Federal law provides severe civil and criminal penalties for the unauthorized reproduction, distribution, rental or digital transmission of copyrighted sound recordings. (Title 17, United States Code, Sections 501 and 506). There have been many cases where people were guilty of music piracy and left with a felony record, accompanied by up to five years of jail time and fines up to $250,000. Wouldn’t you much rather pay 10$ for an album? One of the most important factors to consider is the artists’ creativity and all the upcoming artists motivation. If artists start loosing chunks of their profit, pretty soon no one will even bother putting in the time, effort, and skill into their music. This means we will not enjoy new music and eventually the industry will die. Music is a very important factor to every day life. Without music the world would lack entertainment, culture and expression, resulting in a very boring environment. In conclusion there are many consequences that could come from something so simple like illegal music downloading. We should understand that taking the music for free, we are committing a crime and harming the music industry and limiting the future artists and their creativity. No matter how easy, when it comes down to it, illegal music downloading is wrong and affects everyone in different ways.